Facilitating student engagement: Social responsibility and freshmen learning communities
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20343/teachlearninqu.2.1.63Keywords:
learning communities, social responsibility, social engagement, human rights education, student activismAbstract
Human rights education is advanced as a method for promoting social responsibility, with an emphasis on promoting ideals of “global citizenship” among undergraduate students. At the same time, the practice of learning communities is widespread on college campuses for retaining freshmen and promoting student success. However, there is limited research on the effectiveness of combining these approaches. In response to this literature gap, this article first provides an overview of key concepts—social responsibility, human rights education, and learning communities—and outlines how these terms are currently understood within higher education. Second, the methods and initial findings of a longitudinal study within Webster University’s Social Engagement Learning Community focus on gauging and assessing human rights knowledge and social engagement. Initial findings suggest that most freshmen respondents lack basic human rights knowledge and an activist orientation, yet their empathy and perspective-taking abilities provide foundations for building awareness of human rights issues and social responsibility. Lastly, recommendations are outlined for addressing learning goals related to identity awareness, helping students step outside of their “comfort zones,” and promoting awareness and solutions.
Metrics
References
Amnesty International, Human Rights Education. Available at: http://www.amnesty.org/en/human-rights-education (Accessed 9 September, 2012).
Andreopoulos, G. J. & Claude, R. P. (1997). Human rights education for the twenty-first century. Pittsburgh: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Appiah, K. A. (2006). Cosmopolitanism: Ethics in a world of strangers. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.
Bajaj, M. (2001). Human rights education: Ideology, location, and approaches. Human Rights Quarterly, 33(2), 481-508.
Baker, S., & Pomerantz, N. (2000-2001). Impact of learning communities on retention at a metropolitan university. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory and Practice, 2(2), 115-126.
Baron-Cohen, S., & Wheelwright, S. (2004). The empathy quotient (EQ): An investigation of adults with Asperger Syndrome or high functioning autism, and normal sex differences. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 34(#?), 163-175.
Brower, A. M. & Dettinger, K. M. (1998). What is a learning community? Toward a comprehensive model. About Campus, 3(5), 15-21.
Davis, M. H. (1983). Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44(1), 113-126.
De Corte, K., Buysse, A., Verhofstadt, L. L., Roeyers, H., Ponnet, K., & Davis, M. H. (2007). Measuring empathic tendencies: Reliability and validity of the Dutch version of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index. Psychologica Belgica, 47(4), 235-260.
Dower, N. (2008). Are we all global citizens or are only some of us global citizens? The relevance of this question to education. In A.A.. Abdi & L. Shultz (Eds.), Educating for human rights and global citizenship (pp. 39-53.) Albany, NY : State University of New York Press.
Flowers, N & Shiman, D. A. (1997). Teacher education and the human rights vision. In G.J. Andreopoulos, & R.P. Claude (Eds.), Human rights education for the twenty-first century (pp. 161-175). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. Food Research and Action Center. SNAP/Food stamp challenges. Available at http://frac.org/initiatives/snapfood-stamp-challenges/.
Fuentes, R., Chanthongthip, L., & Rois, F. (2010). Teaching and learning social justice as an “intellectual community” requirement: Pedagogical opportunities and student understandings. Equity & Excellence in Education, 43(3), 357-374.
Gilet, A-R., Melia, N., Studer, J., Grühn, D., & Labouvie-Vief, G. (2013). Assessing dispositional empathy in adults: A French validation of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI). Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement,45(1), 42-48.
Grauerholz, L., & Smith, R. (2008). Personal billboards. In D. Newman (Ed.), Sociology: Exploring the architecture of everyday life (pp. 72-79). Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press.
Inkelas, K. K., Vogt, K. E. & Longerbeam, S. D. (2006). Measuring outcomes of living-learning programs: Examining college environments and student learning and development. The Journal of General Education, 55(1), 40-76.
Johnson, R. (1997). Examining the validity structure of qualitative research. Education, 118(2), 282-292.
Kahane, D. (2009). Learning about obligation, compassion, and global justice: The place of contemplative pedagogy. New Directions for Teaching and Learning, 118, 49-60.
Kingston, L. N. (2012). Creating a human rights campus. Peace Review, 24(1), 78-83.
Krain, M., & Nurse, A. M. (2004). Teaching human rights through service learning. Human Rights, 26( 1), 189-207.
Kuh, G. D. (2008). High-impact education practices: What they are, who has access to them, and why they matter. Washington DC: American Association of Colleges and Universities.
Kurnaz, M. (2009). Five years of my life: An innocent man in Guantanamo. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Lawrence, E. J., Shaw, P., Baker, D., Baron-Cohen, S., & David, A. S. (2004). Measuring empathy: reliability and validity of the Empathy Quotient. Psychological Medicine, 34(#?), 911-924.
Lindblad, J. (2000). Learning community assessment studies: What the Washington Center resources show. Washington Center Newsletter.
Mahoney, S. & Schamber, J. (2011). Integrative and deep learning through a learning community: A process view of self. The Journal of General Education, 60(4), 234-247.
Meintjes, G. (1997). Human rights education as empowerment. In G.J. Andreopoulos & R.P. Claude (Eds.), Human rights education for the twenty-first century (pp. 64-79). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Noddings, N. (2005). Global citizenship: Promises and problems. In N. Noddings (Ed.), Educating for global awareness (pp. 1-21). New York: Teachers College Press.
Nussbaum, M. (1997). Cultivating humanity: A classical defense of reform in liberal education. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Oxfam America. Oxfam America Hunger Banquet. Available at: http://actfast.oxfamamerica.org/index.php/events/banquet.
Pike, G. (2008). Reconstructing the legend: Educating for global citizenship. In A.A. Abdi & L. Shultz (Eds.), Educating for human rights and global citizenship (pp. 223-237). Albany, NY : State University of New York Press.
Pulos, S., Elison, J., & Lennon, R. (2004). The hierarchical structure of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index. Social Behavior and Personality, 32(#), 355-359.
Reuters (2012). Food waste: Americans throw away nearly half their food, $165 billion annually, study says. Huffington Post Food, 21 August. Available at: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/08/21/food-waste-americans-throw-away-food-study_n_1819340.html.
Rhodes, T. L. (2010). Assessing outcomes and improving assessment: Tips and tools for using assessment. Washington DC: American Association of Colleges and Universities.
Richardson, G. (2008). Caught between imaginaries: Global citizenship education and the persistence of the nation. In A.A. Abdi & L. Shultz (Eds.), Educating for human rights and global citizenship (pp. 55-64). Albany, NY : State University of New York Press.
Soldner, L., Lee, Y., & Duby, P. (1999-2000). Welcome to the block: Developing freshman learning communities that work. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory, and Practice, 1(2), 115-129.
Tibbits, F. (2002). Understanding what we do: Emerging models for human rights education. International Review of Education, 48(3-4), 159-171.
Tinto, V. (1997a). Classrooms as communities: Exploring the educational character of student persistence. Journal of Higher Education, 68(6), 599-623.
Tinto, V. (1997b). Enhancing learning via community. Thought & Action, 13(1), 53-58.
United Nations. (1948). Universal declaration of human rights. Available at: http://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr/index.shtml.
Van Gyn, G., Schuerholz-Lehr, S., Caws, C., & Preece, A. (2009). Education for world-mindedness: Beyond superficial notions of internationalization. New Directions for Teaching and Learning, 118, 25-38.
Walker, A. A. (2003). Learning communities and their effects on students’ cognitive abilities. Journal of the First-Year Experience & Students in Transition, 15(2), 11-33. Webster University. Mission & Values. Available at: htp://www.webster.edu/about/mission.shtml.
Webster University Library. Real World Survivor: Confronting Poverty at Heifer Ranch. Available at: http://libguides.webster.edu/content.php?pid=331846&sid=2730130.
Willinsky, J. (1998). Learning to divide the world: Education at empire’s end. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Zhao, C. M. & Kuh, G. D. (2004). Adding value: Learning communities and student engagement. Research in Higher Education, 42(2), 115-138.