Elementary Students’ Argument Evaluation in a Science Classroom
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11575/ajer.v68i4.72498Abstract
Students’ ability to evaluate arguments is significant in democratic societies. Therefore, researchers argue that it is important to understand and facilitate students’ argument evaluation skills. Most research on students’ argument evaluation focuses on final products and outcomes instead of students’ decision-making processes. Thus, how students evaluate arguments constructed by others has not been fully clear to researchers and educators. This qualitative case study aimed to understand the process of students’ argument evaluation by exploring the affordance of a new data collection method. In addition to the written task, which is commonly used in the current research on argument evaluation, this study also employed stimulated recall interviews (SRIs) to access students’ inner awareness and thinking processes while they were engaged in the argument evaluation task. Data collected with SRIs were analyzed qualitatively, together with students’ written responses. Findings from this study reveal that students’ argument evaluation is a complex cognitive endeavor, and the actual process of argument evaluation is more sophisticated than what is demonstrated in students’ written responses. Based on these findings, this study suggests that only examining students’ written products might not be sufficient to achieve a comprehensive understanding of their argument evaluation skills. Considerations of using SRIs are also discussed.
Keywords: argument evaluation, stimulated recall interview (SRI), thinking process, elementary science
Dans les sociétés démocratiques, la capacité des élèves à évaluer des arguments est importante. Les chercheurs soutiennent qu'il est donc important de comprendre et de faciliter les compétences des élèves en matière d'évaluation des arguments. La plupart des recherches sur l'évaluation des arguments par les élèves portent sur les produits et les résultats finaux plutôt que sur les processus décisionnels des élèves. Les chercheurs et les éducateurs n'ont donc pas une idée claire de la manière dont les élèves évaluent les arguments formulés par d'autres. Cette étude de cas qualitative visait à comprendre le processus d'évaluation des arguments par les élèves en explorant les possibilités d'une nouvelle méthode de collecte de données. En plus de la tâche écrite, qui est couramment utilisée dans la recherche actuelle sur l'évaluation des arguments, cette étude a également utilisé des entretiens de rappel stimulé pour accéder à la conscience intérieure et aux processus de pensée des élèves pendant qu'ils étaient engagés dans la tâche d'évaluation des arguments. Les données recueillies au moyen des entretiens de rappel stimulé ont été analysées de manière qualitative, ainsi que les réponses écrites des élèves. Les résultats de cette étude révèlent que l'évaluation des arguments par les élèves est un effort cognitif complexe, et que le processus réel d'évaluation des arguments est plus sophistiqué que ce qui est démontré dans les réponses écrites des élèves. Sur la base de ces résultats, cette étude suggère que le seul examen des textes écrits des élèves pourrait ne pas être suffisant pour obtenir une compréhension complète de leurs compétences en matière d'évaluation des arguments. Les considérations relatives à l'utilisation des entretiens de rappel stimulé sont également discutées.
Mots clés : évaluation des arguments, entretien de rappel stimulé, processus de réflexion, sciences au primaire
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