The Purpose of Studying Eskimos and their Population Systems

Résumé

Discusses the intensive and long-term study of Eskimos in the International Biological Program to center on Wainwright in Alaska, Igloolik in Canada, and Upernavik in Greenland, with related communities as necessary for various sample and interpretative requirements. The unique value of this people for study lies in their complex population system composed of ever more inclusive units ranging from tiny villages to the largest unit, the entire people. Thus traits and processes at the cellular and individual level and at the interpopulation level of organization can be studied simultaneously. Neither the people nor the environment is homogeneous. The genetic variation is assessable and it is contained within a definable population system or systems. In the course of their expansion, they have performed a series of experiments in human adaptability, both genetic and physiologic.