Physician Humanism in CanMEDS 2025

Thoma B, Karwowska A, Samson L, et al. Emerging concepts in the CanMEDS physician competency framework. Can Med Ed J. 2023. https://doi.org/10.36834/cmej.75591

Liao L. The physician as person framework: How human nature impacts empathy, depression, burnout, and the practice of medicine. Can Med Educ J. 2017 Dec;8(4):e92-6. https://doi.org/10.36834/cmej.42975

Canadian Medical Association. CMA national physician health survey: a national snapshot [Internet]. Available from: https://www.cma.ca/cma-national-physician-health-survey-national-snapshot, https://www.cma.ca/cma-national-physician-health-survey-national-snapshot [Accessed Jun 5, 2022].

Robins S. Ducks in a row: health care reimagined. Vancouver, Canada: Bird Communications; 2022.

West CP, Dyrbye LN, Shanafelt TD. Physician burnout: contributors, consequences and solutions. J Intern Med [Internet]. 2018;283(6):516-29. https://doi.org/10.1111/joim.12752

Frank JR, Snell L, Sherbino J, CanMEDS 2015 physician competency framework. 2015. Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada.

Dagnone JD, Takahashi SG, Whitehead CR, Spadafora SM. Reclaiming physician identity: It's time to integrate "Doctor as Person" into the CanMEDS framework. Can Med Educ J. 2020 Aug;11(4):e97-9. https://doi.org/10.36834/cmej.69182

Whitehead C, Selleger V, van de Kreeke J, Hodges B. The 'missing person' in roles-based competency models: a historical, cross-national, contrastive case study. Med Educ 2014;48(8):785-95. https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.12482

Liao L. The physician as machine or person: the missing foundation in the CanMEDS roles. Can Med Educ J. 2020 Jul 2. https://doi.org/10.36834/cmej.70280

Richardson D, Kinnear B, Hauer KE, et al. Growth mindset in competency-based medical education. Med Teach. 2021 Jul;43(7):751-7. https://doi.org/10.1080/0142159X.2021.1928036