Protection, liberté, stigmatisation : une analyse critique du discours sur le port du masque lors de la première vague de la pandémie de COVID-19 et de ses implications pour l’enseignement médical
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.36834/cmej.73155Résumé
Contexte :La pandémie de la COVID-19 a mis en lumière le masque facial comme sujet complexe, construit par des discours variés et parfois contradictoires. Nous avons étudié la manière dont le concept du masque a été déployé discursivement pendant la première phase de la pandémie, notamment en examinant les différents discours entourant son utilisation dans des textes du domaine public, tout en relevant d’importantes perspectives pédagogiques qui en découlent pour l’éducation médicale.
Méthode : Adoptant l’approche de l’analyse critique du discours, nous avons dégagé des énoncés clés qui peuvent être liés à des pratiques socio-économiques et éducatives précises. Nous avons créé une archive de 171 textes en anglais et en mandarin couvrant la période de février à juillet 2020 afin de comparer les discours sur le port du masque au Canada et en Chine, où la pandémie a été observée pour la première fois. Nous avons analysé la rationalisation du port du masque par le discours, ainsi que les pratiques et procédures qu’elle a permis de mettre en place lors de la première vague de la pandémie.
Résultats : Alors qu’au départ, le masque était destiné à servir d’équipement de protection individuelle, il est rapidement devenu un objet discursif lié aux droits et libertés, un étendard du droit de la personne d’exprimer ses opinions politiques et son identité sociale, et un symbole de la stigmatisation qui renforçait la maladie, la déviance, l’anonymat ou la peur.
Conclusion : L’analyse des discours relatifs au port du masque observés dans les réponses publiques et institutionnelles à la première vague de la COVID-19 confirme la nécessité pour les facultés de médecine d’intégrer dans l’enseignement de la gestion pandémique une appréciation sociopolitique plus large du rôle du masque en santé.
Statistiques
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