Si nous les évaluons, apprendront-ils? Le point de vue des étudiants sur la complexité de l’évaluation pour l’apprentissage

Auteurs-es

DOI :

https://doi.org/10.36834/cmej.73875

Résumé

Introduction : L’évaluation peut influencer positivement l’apprentissage mais la conception de dispositifs d’évaluation pour l’apprentissage efficaces s’avère difficile. Nous avons implanté en formation prédoctorale un système obligatoire d’évaluation pour l’apprentissage comprenant une évaluation en milieu clinique des compétences transversales et un test de rendement progressif, puis évalué ses effets.

Méthodes : Nous avons mené des entretiens semi-dirigés avec des étudiants en troisième et quatrième années de médecine à l’Université McGill pour explorer la manière dont le système d’évaluation avait influencé leur apprentissage au cours de la troisième année. Nous avons effectué une analyse thématique, informée par la théorie, des données.

Résultats : Onze étudiants ont participé. Les résultats indiquent que l’évaluation a influencé leur apprentissage par le biais de plusieurs mécanismes différents. Certains d’entre eux nécessitaient une implication faible de la part de l’étudiant, comme l’identification des objectifs à atteindre (feed-up), l’apprentissage amélioré par les tests, la recherche d’informations après un examen. D’autres exigeaient une implication importante (par exemple, étudier pour les tests, sélectionner les évaluateurs pour obtenir une rétroaction de qualité, mettre à profit la rétroaction). L’implication des étudiants était modulée par leur perception des avantages et des inconvénients de s’impliquer, et de la crédibilité du système. Cette dernière était influencée par les objectifs-en-contexte des étudiants: devenir un bon médecin, contribuer à l’équipe soignante, réussir les épreuves d’évaluation.

Discussion : Notre système d’évaluation n’a pas réussi à impliquer suffisamment les étudiants que pour réaliser son potentiel. Nous abordons les défauts inhérents au système ainsi que les facteurs externes qui ont entravé l’implication des apprenants. Pour implanter efficacement un dispositif d’évaluation pour l’apprentissage, les concepteurs d’évaluations devraient optimiser les mécanismes qui sont faciles à contrôler et être prêts à s’investir dans un important travail de collaboration pour changer les cultures d’apprentissage.

Statistiques

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Bibliographies de l'auteur-e

Maryam Wagner, McGill University

Assistant professor, Institute of Health Sciences Education

Richard Cruess, McGill University

Professor, Department of Surgery and Institute of Health Sciences Education

Sylvia Cruess, McGill University

Professor, Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences Education

Meredith Young, McGill University

Associate professor, Institute of Health Sciences Education

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2023-04-06

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1.
Dory V, Wagner M, Cruess R, Cruess S, Young M. Si nous les évaluons, apprendront-ils? Le point de vue des étudiants sur la complexité de l’évaluation pour l’apprentissage. Can. Med. Ed. J [Internet]. 6 avr. 2023 [cité 4 déc. 2024];. Disponible à: https://dev.journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/cmej/article/view/73875

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