Liens entre les caractéristiques des médecins et leur profil de pratique dans le contexte canadien : une revue exploratoire
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.36834/cmej.74205Résumé
Contexte : Il existe un lien entre les caractéristiques des médecins, comme leur formation et leur profil sociodémographique, et des cadres de pratique particuliers, comme la pratique en milieu rural. La compréhension de ces liens dans le contexte canadien peut éclairer les stratégies d’admission dans les facultés de médecine et la planification de la main-d’œuvre dans le secteur de la santé.
Objectif : L’objectif de cette revue exploratoire était de faire état de la nature et de l’étendue de la littérature sur les liens entre les caractéristiques des médecins au Canada et leurs cadres de pratique. Critères de sélection : Nous avons inclus les études établissant des liens entre 1) la formation ou le profil sociodémographique des médecins ou des résidents en exercice au Canada et 2) les cadres de pratique, y compris le choix de carrière, le milieu de pratique et les populations desservies.
Méthodes : Nous avons effectué des recherches dans cinq bases de données électroniques (MEDLINE (R) ALL, Embase, ERIC, Education Source et Scopus) pour trouver des études quantitatives primaires et avons examiné les listes de références bibliographiques des articles retenus pour repérer d’autres études. Les données ont été extraites à l’aide d’un formulaire normalisé.
Résultats : Notre recherche a permis de recenser 80 études. Soixante-deux d’entre elles portaient sur l’éducation, réparties de manière égale entre le premier cycle et le cycle de spécialisation. Cinquante-huit examinaient les caractéristiques des médecins, la plupart portant sur le sexe/genre. La majorité des études étaient focalisées sur le critère du milieu de pratique. Nous n’avons trouvé aucune étude portant sur la race/ethnicité ou le statut socio-économique.
Conclusion : En accord avec des travaux antérieurs de nombreuses études de notre revue trouvent des associations positives entre (i) la formation en milieu rural ou l’origine rurale et un cadre de pratique rural et entre (ii) le lieu de formation ou l’origine du médecin et une pratique dans ce lieu. Les associations relatives au sexe/genre étaient mitigées, ce qui porte à croire qu’il s’agit peut-être d’une cible moins utile pour la planification ou le recrutement d’une main-d’œuvre visant à combler les lacunes dans la prestation des soins de santé. Des travaux supplémentaires sont nécessaires sur les liens entre le profil des médecins, en particulier la race/ethnie et le statut socio-économique, d’une part, et le choix de carrière et les populations desservies d’autre part.
Statistiques
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